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Identification of Optimal Binders for Torrefied Biomass Pellets (1)

Identification of Optimal Binders for Torrefied Biomass Pellets (1)

2023-04-20

The pretreatment of biomass through torrefaction is an effective means of improving the fuel quality of woody biomass and its suitability for use in existing facilities burning thermal coal. Densification of torrefied biomass produces a fuel of similar energy density, moisture content, and fixed carbon content to low-grade coals. Additionally, if the torrefaction conditions are optimized, the produced torrefied pellet will be resistant to weathering and biological degradation, allowing for outdoor storage and transport in a manner similar to coal. In untreated biomass, lignin is the primary binding agent for biomass pellets and is activated by the heat and pressures of the pellet extrusion process. The thermal degradation of lignin during torrefaction reduces its binding ability, resulting in pellets of low durability not suitable for transportation. The use of a binding agent can increase the durability of torrefied pellets/briquettes through a number of different binding mechanisms depending on the binder used. This study gives a review of granular binding mechanisms, as they apply to torrefied biomass and assesses a variety of organic and inorganic binding agents, ranking them on their applicability to torrefied pellets based on a number of criteria, including durability, hydrophobicity, and cost. The best binders were found to be solid lignin by-product derived from pulp and paper processing, biomass tar derived from biomass pyrolysis, tall oil pitch, and lime.

Effect of the Mixer Design Parameters on the Performance of a Twin Paddle Blender: A DEM Study (2)

Effect of the Mixer Design Parameters on the Performance of a Twin Paddle Blender: A DEM Study (2)

2023-04-13

In this paper, the DEM simulations were performed to examine the particle blending in a twin paddle blender containing cohesion-less, mono-disperse spherical particles. The developed DEM model in our previous research was employed to investigate the influences of the impeller configurations (paddle’s angle, gap, and width) on the performance of the mixer. In order to characterize the mixer’s performance, RSD values were calculated in each case.

Effect of the Mixer Design Parameters on the Performance of a Twin Paddle Blender: A DEM Study (1)

Effect of the Mixer Design Parameters on the Performance of a Twin Paddle Blender: A DEM Study (1)

2023-04-06

The design parameters of a mixing system have a major impact on the quality of the final product. Therefore, identifying the optimum parameters of mixing systems is highly relevant to various industrial processes dealing with particulate flows. However, the studies on the influences of the mixer’s design features are still insufficient. In this study, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) is used to examine the impact of paddle angle, width, and gap on the mixing performance of a twin paddle blender. The mixing performance and particle flow are assessed using the relative standard deviation (RSD) mixing index, velocity field, diffusivity coefficient, granular temperature, the force acting on particles, and the mixer’s power consumption. The mixing performance is highest for a paddle angle of 0° at the cost of the highest forces acting on particles. The paddle width is indicated as a critical factor for achieving better mixing quality. In contrast, the powder mixing efficiency and the mixer’s power consumption are not significantly affected by the paddle gap. The results regarding the power consumption denote that the mixer using the paddle angle of 60° has the minimum power consumption. Moreover, increasing the paddle width results in the enhancement of the mixer’s power consumption.

Modeling and Experimental Study of Ore-Carbon Briquette Reduction under CO–CO2 Atmosphere (2)

Modeling and Experimental Study of Ore-Carbon Briquette Reduction under CO–CO2 Atmosphere (2)

2023-03-30

Modeling predictions and experimental results indicated that the CO–CO2 atmosphere significantly influences the final reduction degree of the briquette. Increasing the reduction temperature did not increase the final reduction degree but was shown to increase the carbon that was consumed by the oxidative atmosphere. The influence of the CO–CO2 atmosphere on the briquette reduction behavior was found to be insignificant in the early stage but became considerable in the later stage; near the time of the briquette reaching its maximum reduction degree, both iron oxide reduction and metallic iron re-oxidation were able to occur.

Modeling and Experimental Study of Ore-Carbon Briquette Reduction under CO–CO2 Atmosphere (1)

Modeling and Experimental Study of Ore-Carbon Briquette Reduction under CO–CO2 Atmosphere (1)

2023-03-23

Iron ore-carbon briquette is often used as the feed material in the production of sponge iron via coal-based direct reduction processes. In this article, an experimental and simulation study on the reduction behavior of a briquette that is made by hematite and devolatilized biochar fines under CO–CO2 atmosphere was carried out. The reaction model was validated against the corresponding experimental measurements and observations.

Advantages of Pellets

Advantages of Pellets

2023-03-16

With the demand of structural adjustment and optimization of China's iron and steel industry, and the requirements of green, low-carbon and high-quality, pellets as high-quality raw materials for blast furnace are more and more favored by the industry, which promotes the rapid development of the pellet industry.

Self Tensioning Motor Base

Self Tensioning Motor Base

2023-03-02

The self-tensioning motor base can avoid these problems perfectly. The design ensures that the belt maintains proper tension throughout the life cycle of the belt, avoiding excessive stretching of the belt and preventing belt relaxation. There is no need to periodically relax or tighten the belt, which guarantees the extension of the belt life and improves the efficiency of the entire transmission system. The self-tensioning motor base reduces downtime, belts are easily installed and removed, and no special training is required to operate the self-tensioning motor base.

Domestic converter DRI application experience

Domestic converter DRI application experience

2023-02-23

The HBI imported in the current season is all used in converter production, and the main charge for the Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) is molten pig iron from the blast furnace, commonly referred to as "hot metal" (HM). In addition to iron, blast furnace hot metal contains a certain amount of oxidizable elements, such as carbon, silicon, manganese, and phosphorus.

Domestic electric furnace DRI application experience

Domestic electric furnace DRI application experience

2023-02-16

The common raw material of EAF (electric arc furnace) is scrap steel because scrap steel is cheap and relatively easy to obtain, but social scrap steel often contains unwanted impurity elements. In order to reduce the harmful impurities in the scrap steel, a certain amount of pig iron or sponge iron must be added to dilute the residual metal elements of the scrap steel, which can help keep the content of residual elements in the final molten iron or molten steel at an acceptable level. The advantages of low-sulphur sponge iron are particularly evident in EAF smelting since desulphurisation is not necessary for the furnace , which can save a lot of time.

Supply and demand of DRI in our country

Supply and demand of DRI in our country

2023-02-09

Limited by resources, technology and other factors, the production of DRI (direct reduced iron) in China started late and developed slowly. The production enterprises of DRI in China are small in scale, mainly produced by tunnel kilns, scattered in origin and unstable in production organization, which lead to the difficulties in production statistics. The products are mostly used in powder metallurgy raw materials.

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